Some Important Features of Bessler’s Wheel.

Over the last few weeks I have made considerable progress towards making a working version of Bessler’s wheel.  Last year I awoke with an image in my mind of why and how Bessler’s wheel worked.  It’s taken until now to begin to apply the right configuration using previously discarded parts.

Bessler left visual clues as well as ambiguous comments and coded ones.  It was only when I began to seriously try and build again that difficulties began to accumulate.  This forced me to study the drawings again and combine this with the other less obvious clues.

So, here are some conclusions about what I believe I know.  Firstly do not ignore the seemingly obsessive concern about the number 5; it’s a vital ingredient and I’ll try and explain why. 

It has been suggested several times that to test a suitable mechanism you only need two of them.  Not true.  To rotate continuously you need a system that drives continuously.  In other words overbalancing needs to be continuous.  If you only produce two overbalances they would each have to produce it for more than half a revolution of overbalance which I think is impossible.

Bessler said (in a disguised way) when he tried the wheel with just four mechanisms it was as if the wheel could barely turn.  But when he added more levers, weights and pulleys then the wheel turned quickly.

I know the original translation says cross-bars, but this is wrong, the actual word used was creuze, which mostly means cross.  My friend Mike Senior who translated all of the German, thought cross-bar would fit best as a part of a mechanism,  but I think Bessler was indulging in his favourite method of obfuscation - ambiguity. Using the word for ‘cross’ was hinting at the four arms of a cross.

But with four arms the wheel didn’t move, however, when he added another arm, plus weights and pulleys then it turned.

Four arms means each arm covered a quarter of the wheel or 90 degrees each, five arms means each arm covered a fifth of the wheel, or only 72 degrees. If each of his overbalancing methods applied its drive to each fifth of the wheel, that is much better because it evened out the rotation, by reducing any potential gaps in the drive.  He also discovered that he could fit five mechanisms in the same space as four, therefore reducing the gaps between each mechanisms overbalancing action.

Bessler said his weights worked in pairs, as one fell, it lifted the previous fallen weight back up, but a shorter distance than it fell.

This would provide a continuous drive, something the mechanisms had to provide.  It was not enough to make it turn continuously, it also had to do work so the overbalancing had to be cumulative, building up the rotational speed.  Many witnesses remarked on the smoothness of the wheel’s rotation.

Just some of my thoughts.

JC

Amy Pohl, my wonderful granddaughter, 32 today

Some of you may remember, a few years ago, I started a crowdfunding site to raise money to help my granddaughter, Amy and we received a number of donations for which we are extremely grateful.

This is a brief update of her life since those days.

Her story begins when she had gained a teaching degree and had begun work at an infant school for children 4 to 7.  A couple of years after she started she caught a throat infection from one of the children and ended up being sent to hospital.  The emergency doctor tried to insert a cannula and reused the same needle several times because he had difficulty finding a suitable vein.  This practice is strongly discouraged and in fact, as a result her whole arm became infected.

To cut a long story very short; she developed Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

 (Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that affects limbs and is characterized by persistent, severe pain that's disproportionate to the injury. It's often triggered by an injury to the limb, such as a fracture, surgery, or immobilization, but can also occur spontaneously. CRPS pain can spread beyond the injury site, sometimes affecting the entire limb. 

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is consistently recognized as one of the most painful chronic pain conditions, typically scoring around 42 out of 50 on the McGill Pain Scale. This puts it on par with or even exceeding the pain levels associated with amputation of a finger without anesthesia and childbirth, according to Burning Nights CRPS Support and UK Parliament. Some studies even suggest CRPS Type II can reach as high as 47 out of 50.)  Thanks to Google.

It’s sometimes called the suicide disease because of the intense and enduring pain and requests to have the affected limb removed to stop the pain have to be routinely ignored as it doesn’t stop the pain, even in a phantom limb. Some people have attempted suicide to kill the pain.

She deals with the pain using techniques she has learned.  It is still bad but she manages it.  Unfortunately as the disease progressed she lost all feeling below the waist and is now confined to a wheelchair.  You might feel sorry for her but she doesn’t feel sorry for herself.

So moving on after seven years at a neurological rehab unit, Amy began to write about her condition on TikTok, YouTube and Instagram.  She is now followed by more than 3.7 million people on TikTok, with 264 million likes,from all around the word! On YouTube she has 640,000 subscribers and 499, 393, 143 viewings of her 456 videos.

She has become an inspiration to thousands of people.  She was invited to the 2024 Summer Paris Paralympics by channel four TV to talk to competitors.  She’s been on TV a few times.  She is invited to attend numerous events which have a disability theme. 

She will try anything to prove that her disability doesn’t stop her living life to the full.  She has ridden horses, ‘rolled’ the full distance in the Great North Run, water skied on a waterboard, done adaptive rock climbing and so much more.  She is fearless and loves going on thrill rides if she can get on them.  I have barely scratched the surface of her life, but if you wish to see some her posts and videos just put Amy Pohl into google.

A huge thank you to everyone for your kind thoughts and wishes and gifts

JC.

The Bessler-Orffyreus Perpetual Motion Device.

 I cringe with embarrassment when I read my confident predictions about a my expected success in replicating Bessler’s wheel, going right back at the beginning of this blog - more than nine years ago!  Now aged 80 years, I still feel confident of success but no predictions this time.  

All I have to go on is my personal conviction that Bessler’s spoke the truth when he claimed to have designed and built a continuously rotating wheel, driven by nothing but gravity.  I have always dismissed the statement that such devices conflict with the laws of energy; they don’t, or at least this one didn’t, and we know why. Leaving aside that so-called law, the evidence that the inventor was genuine is so compelling that some highly reputable scientists who have read my biography of Bessler are convinced too.  But, they ask, how did he do it?

That question has haunted me since I first encountered the legend of Bessler’s wheel.  According to historic documents the wheel was verified as genuine by a man of impeccable reputation, who made it a condition of his patronage that he must be permitted to examine the internal workings of the wheel.  This was agreed and published his verification.  In addition the only piece of evidence offered as proof of Bessler’s fraudulence, was a document signed by his erstwhile maid or housekeeper.  Her description of how the wheel was made to rotate continuously night and day is so full of holes and actually impossible, that the only claim against the reality of Bessler’s wheel, is the invalid statement that perpetual motion machines such as Bessler’s are impossible.

I have been determined to solve this mystery ever since I learned of it, aged 15, and I’ve spent most of my spare time engrossed in discovering the secret.  I have ignored the scoffers, the scorners and the detractors.  I know what I know and I also know the answer is there in his books.  

People ask me why I haven’t solved it if it’s so simple?  What about all the clues, are they real or am I deluding myself?  No it’s all real and will eventually be proved.  I have come to know Bessler and the way his mind worked and it is obvious when you read his books at the pain and misery he endured at the actions of three men he called “his enemies”.  He gained a temporary peace from their actions when his patron, Karl the Landgrave of Hesse ordered them to cease their defamatory actions or face the consequences.

I’ve come to the conclusion that the only way to discover the exact configuration of his machine is to build and build.  BUT a vital ingredient is to not ignore any clues no matter how off the wall they may seem.  Bessler adept at offering clues which look right but lead you up the wrong path.  I have spent years studying his clues and discovered many of them can be read differently but also he often offers two ways to get to the right answer.  When both ways agree, then you know it’s the right one.

The only acceptable proof would be a working model, and that is what I’m trying to achieve.

JC

When Johann Bessler’s Wheel Appears.

 The new alternatives ways of generating energy and the latest information on the many inventions is exciting.  There is one thing that concerns me and seems to be overlooked.  Without exception they each require an element that is highly technical and potentially expensive.

We know much about the costs, research and ramifications involved in using wind, solar, nuclear, hydro power, biomass, tidal/ocean,  geothermal, hydrogen etc; and I suspect that the several other more exotic varieties, currently being explored, are still too expensive and demanding of technical expertise to rely on any time soon.   

What I am saying is that Bessler’s wheel needed only the presence of gravity to run for as long as its structure and material remain intact.  Unlike the exotic fuels I referred to there are no sources or complex derivations needed to make the fuel acceptable to his amazing machine.  One of these day his perpetual motion machine (PM) will make an appearance and repudiate the many, many nay-sayers who called him a liar and his machine a fake.

Everyone could have their own “gravity-wheel” spinning endlessly in their back yards, gardens  or shed churning out endless electricity 24/7.  You can imagine that moment when the device appears on the world’s stage and the penny drops, globally!  There was no urgent need to pour millions of pounds into research for other ways of producing electricity when a simple, clean, cheap source of device has been available even before a way of producing electricity had even been needed.

JC

UNDERSTANDING JOHANN BESSLER’s CODES

Johann Bessler left an abundance of coded information and that is an indisputable fact, but for what purpose? Either the information revealed how his machine worked, or it explained how he cheated everyone!  I and many others have dismissed the latter as it is obviously wrong for many reasons too long to go into here, but I do provide convincing evidence about this in my biography about Bessler, see my book, below.  PMAAMS?

 It has to be posthumous.  He never wanted anyone to decipher the codes unless it happened after he had sold his perpetual motion machine, but perhaps he might have published a description of the codes later in life, for the education of his planned apprentices.  But he also wrote that he would prefer to die than give away the secret of his machine.  When he wrote that comment, he had already composed and embedded numerous examples of his codes in his published books! So I assume the posthumous decipherment would give him the acknowledgment he desired. I’ve worked on these codes for many years and I’m only now making headway; it seems to me that Bessler took a risk in publishing his information before he sold his wheel.

Anyway, how was he to bring our attention to the possibility that there could be coded information available to a determined researcher?  The answer was ingenious.  As soon as he began to exhibit his first perpetual motion machine (PM) in 1712 he adopted the pseudonym, Orffyreus.  This simple piece of code would have been more readily deciphered in those days as it was a familiar letter substitution cipher used by the ancient Hebrews, Julius Caesar and Napoleon to mention but a few.  In modern times it is referred to as RoT13, which simply means rotate a letter 13 places onwards, which was what one needed to do. In the illustration below note below the B for Bessler becomes O for Orffyreus, etc.

This is a well-known cipher and easy to solve.

There are a number of different ciphers, some I think Bessler had invented.  In addition to the ROT13 as seen above, (alphabet he used Alphanumeric substitution, Chronograms, Cryptic clues, information concealed or embedded in Geometric puzzles, Biblical encoded puzzles, word play, riddles, ambiguous text, ….and actual textual clues.

It is necessary to note that the number five was concealed in various ways in his books.  This  numbers is beyond question of the utmost importance in Bessler’s mind and therefore should be in ours too if we are serious about deciphering his many clues, and ultimately reproduce Bessler’s amazing invention.

In his illustrations he sometimes labelled parts with numbers.  These numbers always added up to a certain total.  That total has to be divided by the number of numbers used! Also the range of numbers used was a clue, 1 to 24 in one figure. As if that wasn’t enough he embedded a concealed clock in the illustration.

To clarify, one illustration has numbers totalling 660, taking the clock as a clue, divide 660 by 12 hours of the clock, equals 55.  1 to 24 points to the hours in a day, another clue to the clock.  The figure also contains a pentagram, another link to the number 5.

The angles of a pentagram are, 18, 36, 54,72, 90 and 108, and they feature prominently through out his illustrations, but in one case he uses letters instead of numbers.  But when they are converted to numbers their totals are divisible by both the quantities of the numbers used and the range of numbers, to produce more pentagonal numbers.  For instance, in one case, the numbers 1 to 10 is used and when added together totals 55.  But when the numbers used are added up, they total 90, another pentagonal number, and indicates the presence of another pentagram.

Another interesting cipher which Bessler made his own also concerns his name.  Not content with adopting the pseudonym Orffyreus, he also added two more forenames.  He was born Elias Bessler but later added the names Johann Ernst to Elias Bessler.  Using the same technique as he used to get the name Orffyreus, but only applying it to the first letter of his names, JEEB became WRRO. In this puzzle  again using his favoured cipher alphanumeric, JEEB becomes 10, 5, 5, 2; and WRRO becomes 23, 18, 18, 15..  interestingly the two 5s seems to point to the geometric figure, and even more surprising 18 degrees is the basic number of every angle in the pentagram, all of the rest are multiples of 18.

How convenient and what an utterly amazing coincidence that E is the fifth letter of the alphabet and when twinned with its RoT13 cipher it becomes R, the 18th letter, and both numbers are undeniably an intrinsic part of the pentagram!

It has been suggested that this apparent obsession with the number 5 is indicative of an interest in mystery schools and the occult, but this could not be further from the truth.  Bessler was extremely knowledgeable about such matter, but his determination to either sell his PM device or receive full acknowledgement as the original inventor over-ruled anything else.

The books you need to investigate Bessler codes are shown below. Clicking on the Buy Now link takes you to the order and payment page.  There you can see the book and add it to the cart and then make a payment.

Perpetual Motion: An Ancient Mystery Solved?”  PMAAMS?. View the synopsis for details of the book’s contents at my web site. http://www.free-energy.co.uk/html/synopsis.html.  Briefly it is an account taken from of every document relating to Bessler that I could find from files held in museums around the world, researched and translated. 

Buy Now

    http://payhip.com/b/7Yvl

Gruendlicher Bericht” - GB this was Bessler’s first publication, ostensibly produced by a friend although I think one can detect Bessler’s handiwork in places. This copy is also in the original German and includes a full English translation at the rear. It also includes the very first drawing which Bessler published and this also contains clues to the way his machine worked.

Buy Now

  http://payhip.com/b/dahj

Apologia Poetica,  - AP.  This was Bessler’s account of his life up until the time of Karl the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel’s patronage. The book contains the original German transcribed into a modern font and includes a full English translation at the rear. I would have preferred to include the original German font but it was in such poor condition that it would have been unreadable. This book contains some allusions to secret codes hidden within the book itself.

Buy Now

  http://payhip.com/b/oz54

Das Triumphans Perpetuum Mobile “- DT. this was Bessler’s most professionally finished book. It was written in both German and Latin and this edition is a faithful reproduction of the actual pages of the original book. It also includes a full English translation at the rear. A number of drawings are included by the original author and these are said to contain a number of clues as to his machine’s workings.

Buy Now

  http://payhip.com/b/DNUe

Maschinen Tractate” - MT. this was found in the Bessler’s possessions after his death, in the form of a number of pages (141) and which contained a message on the front of the volume which stated that he had removed the drawings which depicted how his machine worked but that some one with a penetrating mind could by studying several drawings ultimately discover the secret of its construction. I have reproduced the drawings as they were found.  I included his handwritten notes with the best translation I could obtain, since the writing is very hard to read.

Buy Now

   http://payhip.com/b/F8ZS

JC

 

 I have claimed to have known the secret of Bessler’s perpetual motion device since last year and I’m well aware that without proof that claim is just hot air!  However, because I do have the solution I decided back at the end of last year, that I must build a working model and post a video of it working along with a complete explanation of how it works.

So what has happened?  I’ve been working on it periodically for several months, trying to make the right parts fit with the configuration I know holds the answer.  But it’s a bit like understanding how a clock works, you know what the device does and how it does it, and the basic principle by which it works, and if you can see the workings inside while it’s running, then your understanding is even better …but if you want to build one there are things that have to be made and which must work together.  Things like clocks have gears, and sprockets, and springs, and levers.

Each item needs to work perfectly with those that have to interact with it and without being able to see the inside, it just increases the difficulty if one or more parts is the wrong size.

So what I’m saying is that even though I have a full understanding of   Bessler’s wheel,  I still have to get the various parts the right size and in the right position.  I’m getting there and  it will work.      

NB ——————————————

You who are reading this could still beat me to a successful outcome.  I have found and decoded so may clues and published most of them.  You find some on the search engine on this blog at top right side panel, or you can discover more on my web site at 

The Offfyreus Code  or several others see the links at the bottom of the right side panel.

And you can get copies of five of my books, see under the search engine right side panel, My Books.

JC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

Johann Bessler (aka) Orffyreus and his Perpetual Motion Device

 Johann Bessler, aka Orffyreus, exhibited a perpetual motion machine in 1712. Of course it wasn’t a perpetual motion machine (PM for Perpetual Motion) in the sense that most people think of them.   For a start it wasn’t isolated from any form of external energy, which is a strict requirement for such a theoretical device. It used weights which means it was enabled by gravity.

A waterwheel is driven by the flow of a river, the combustion engine by igniting petrol.  These two examples could just as easily be described as PM machines.  They are not isolated from any external source of energy, because the river flows down hill because gravity makes it.  It could in theory run continuously as long as the river flows thanks to gravity. The combustion engine will run continuously as long as it has fuel in its tank.

If the energy source is being maintained at a sufficient level, the machine will stay in motion like the so-called PM machine. But surely gravity isn’t an energy source?  No, but without it the water wheel won’t flow.

So Bessler’s wheel wasn’t a PM machine because it wasn’t isolated from external sources of energy.  But this is where confusion lies.  It was what people believed it to be, namely a PM machine.  But once people examined  the idea and defined it more precisely, they realised that many machines have external sources of  energy and they couldn’t all be PMs, so the idea was introduced, that a PM must be isolated from all external sources of energy including gravity.

The idea that a PM had to be isolated from all external stimuli and yet retain motion once started - and do work is utterly ridiculous.  No wonder PM is believed to be impossible.  Continuous motion can only happen if it can tap an external energy source.

Like every other would-be discoverer of the secret of PM, Bessler’s wheel used a number of weights in its interior, this is a well established fact.  This clearly implies that gravity had a role to play - the design of the machine required the movement of a number of weights configured in a certain way to produce continuous rotation. Thus we can say that his wheels were gravity-enabled.

But we have been taught that the force of gravity is not a source of energy.  This is actually true, but without its force the river wouldn’t flow.  Without its force the weights in Bessler's wheel wouldn’t fall.  But the water has to move from higher ground to lower in order to run and turn the water wheel - and the weights have to fall; both events are driven to move by gravity.  In doing this gravity does work, expends energy.   But in both cases there has be an intermediate medium.  Water or the weights.  Without them no motion is enabled by gravity.

So when we say Bessler’s wheel is enabled by gravity, even though gravity is not a source of energy, it is a vital ingredient.  The energy for the work being done is generated by the fall of the weights, the intermediary between gravity and the wheel. This process seems to be ignored even by many who study this field, they are still battling with the idea that as gravity is not an energy source it can’t be labelled such.  But it is just the same as any system which relies on the presence of gravity to provide input at its most basic level….mass in motion.

The main argument against this point of view is well known and simple. When a single weight falls, it derives kinetic energy from the motion of its fall.  When a force moves an object of mass it does work.  In this case the force doing the work is gravity.  After the work is done the energy has been transferred to the object of mass.  

Bessler’s wheel was driven by weighted levers, causing the machine to rotate.  We know that a weighted lever beginning its fall from the twelve o’clock position in a clock face and being allowed to fall freely will only get to the six o’clock position before it has to begin to climb against the force of gravity to get back to its starting point at twelve o’clock position.

Even if we could remove all possible friction, the return point would only just reach the twelve o’clock point.  But we need the device to do work, not just overcome friction.  Theoretically thousands, maybe hundreds of thousands of people have studied this problem and tried to resolve it - but all failed except Johann Bessler.  Instinctively those many, many people knew that there was a solution to this problem, and there is.  Bessler found it and I believe I have found it.  I’ve been working on a PoP wheel, (Proof of Principle) and I hope to have finished by early next year.  It won’t be an attractive model, just a crude assembly of previously used parts, but one that proves the design.

Click on the link below for all information about my published books.  There is my own biography about Bessler which includes all documents by or about Johann Bessler, plus you can obtain digital copies of all of his publications each with a full English translation.

https://johncollinsnews.blogspot.com/p/johann-besslers-books-and-biography.html

For more information about Bessler and his codes, view my YouTube video at

https://youtu.be/5BWVKtpuzn0  it describes the codes.

JC

A Brief Account of My Bessler Journey to the Present.

Between 1960, when I first read Gould’s excellent account of Bessler’s perpetual motion machine (or wheel) and 1974 when I built my first attempt at replicating it out of balsa wood and washers, my thoughts were confined to my mind and numerous scraps of paper and pencil drawings. The reason for my reluctance to accept what I had been taught; that perpetual motion devices  violated the laws of thermodynamics and were impossible; was the fact that the documentary evidence available  seemed to deny that assumption.

From then until about 1980 little changed until I made up my mind to try to obtain as much hard information about Johann Bessler and his perpetual motion machine as I could possibly manage.  This was of course before the internet made this kind of task so much easier.

I joined the British Museum Library and was able to actually touch and handle GB, AP and DT. Subsequently I obtained poor copies of those same documents, but I couldn’t read them anyway because I knew no German, not to mention that the language used was more than 300 years old. I advertised in a local newspaper for anyone who could translate 18th C German into English. Amazingly I was contacted by four people, one of whom was Mike Senior who became a good friend over the next twenty years or so.

He translated everything into English, handwriting it and adding a number of notes about what he had done.  He asked me if I wanted a literal word by word translation or what he said would be his best impression of what Bessler wrote, conveying meaning and nuance where possible. I chose the latter because I simply didn’t know what was in the documents at that time.

Seeing as we all make use of his translations I should say a word or two about Mike.  For a start he was was a polymath and a member of MENSA. He was consultant to the local authority on flora, having a Masters Degree in Botany in fact several degrees in different unrelated subjects - he was just curious about everything.  He read and spoke 18th C German, read and translated  Latin and could quote from memory from all the Greek classical plays in the original Greek.  He was an expert on astrophysics and wrote papers for peer review in scientific journals.  He loved Maths problems and tried to explain String Theory and Riemann’s Conjecture to me, for example.  It went straight over my head at very high altitude! He  also like his beer!  There was so much more to Mike but space is limited. But he did once say to me, “of course you do realise that what Bessler claimed is impossible”.  We laughed and agreed to disagree.

Once I had the translations plus a number of other documents about Bessler, also in German and needing translating, I set about writing my own biography of Bessler, trying hard to stick to the facts as presented.  Most of these were either letters to and from and about Bessler, or items from the local newspapers of the time.  Included were accounts of several official examinations arranged by certain men of high standing including Karl the Landgrave of Hesse Kassel who agreed to offer his patronage and support but only if he had first satisfied himself that the machine was genuine

I was unable to get a publisher in the U.K. to publish my book, although I only sent it to about a dozen publishers having written the manuscript in one year.  I read that JK Rowling took seven years to write and sell her first book!  Maybe I should have held out for more publishers, but I was impatient, and decided to self publish.

Later I decided in addition to PM:AAMS? to self publish GB, AP, DT and MT.  It wasn’t profitable at all but it enabled me to just about cover my costs in running several web sites.

While this was happening I continued with my day job and in my spare time constructed many PM wheels.  I began this blog back in  April 2009.  It’s alarming to see how confident I was back then - nothing’s changed!

I’ve done numerous radio interviews both here and abroad.  I was invited to Rome to take part in a documentary about Bessler.  Unfortunately it was all in Italian, even my words were dubbed in so I don’t  even know what I said let alone what the rest of the cast said.  It was a bit of a set up as the other speakers were traditional scientists following the classic path that it was impossible.

I was asked to lecture at the Glastonbury Crop circle symposium in the mid 1990s and met Brian O’Leary a trained astronaut although he didn’t complete his training. It was a strange gig, which resulted in me discovering I could dowse for water, not a very useful trick these days, but curiously rewarding.

I also did several radio interview from home and here in England plus one memorable interview with Redneck radio in Greenwood, USA.  Hilarious but good fun.

There is so much more but I don’t want to bore the pants off you!

JC

GB Grundliccher Bericht

AP Apologia Poetica

DT Das Triumphirende

MT Maschinen Tractate.

PMAAMS Perpetual Motion; An Ancient Mystery Solved?

John Collins

Bessler (Orffyreus) Left Coded Information to Build his Perpetual Motion.

When Johann Bessler first exhibited his Perpetual Motion machine in Gera in 1712, he had already formulated a plan for going forward from that point; he wanted to sell the machine.  He had written a manuscript for a book which he wished to have printed, selling copies to buyers.  It was an account of his journey to success, an autobiography.

It also included  a collection of coded clues which were designed to provide secret information about the design of the machine.  The book was titled ‘Apologia Poetica’, and was written in rhyming couplets.  He mentions that there is information within the book for those who are willing to look for it.

As a strong hint about the presence of coded information he adopted the pseudonym, ‘Orffyreus’, which was obtained by use of a simple substitution code used throughout history going back to the early Hebrew scribes who used it to disguise the names of certain people they mentioned in the books of the Old Testament. 

Besides the Hebrews it has often been used for encoding messages by various governments and organisations as well as individuals. It involves substituting A, for instance, with N, B for O, and so on.  Alternatives include placing the first half of the alphabet beneath the second half which can be reversed, and substituting the one above for the one below and vice versa.

Bessler used the same system to make his pseudonym, Orffyreus, substituting the coloured letters in the box above or below with their adjacent letter.  This ancient cipher, called atbash by the Hebrews and the Caesar Shift and more recently, ROT13, is so well-known, it seems odd at first sight that he decided to use it. But its only purpose was to convey the impression that more  codes lay hidden within his documents and not just the first book but others which followed later.

I have identified numerous codes and interpreted many of them.  This information is currently being used in the construction of a version of Bessler’s wheel.  Some of these codes can be read and understood at my other websites.  There is a list of the links at the bottom of the right hand pane.

I have also produced digital and printed versions of five related books accessible from the top of the righthand panel by clicking on Bessler’s books. Those which I have published in their original German include full English translations.  Additionally you can get copies of my biography about Bessler, called Perprtual Motion, An Ancient Mystery Solved?

I am also in the process of writing a book which will include details of many of the codes, their interpretation and how they reveal how Bessler’s wheel worked.

JC