Is Gravity the Weakest Force? - Not Always!

Many people have suggested that because gravity is the weakest force compared to the other three; the strong nuclear force, the electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force; it must be unsuitable as an aid to generating electricity through Bessler’s wheel.  But this is not the whole picture. This kind of fact is typical of such erroneous generalisations which permeate this subject.

If, for instance, you could take two protons and hold them very close together, they would exert several forces on each other. Because they both have mass, the two protons exert gravitational attraction on each other. Because they both have a positive electric charge, they both exert electromagnetic repulsion on each other. Also, they both exert attraction via the strong nuclear force. Because the strong nuclear force is the strongest at short distances, it dominates over the other forces and the two protons become bound, forming a helium nucleus (typically a neutron is also needed to keep the helium nucleus stable). Gravity is so weak at the atomic scale that scientists can typically ignore it without incurring significant errors in their calculations.

However, on an astronomical scale, gravity does dominate over the other forces. There are two reasons for this: 1) gravity has a long range, and 2) there is no such thing as negative mass. Each force dies off as the two objects experiencing the force become more separated. The rate at which the forces die off is different for each force. The strong and weak nuclear forces are very short ranged, meaning that outside of the tiny nuclei of atoms, these forces quickly drop to zero.  

The earth and sun are far too distant from each other for their nuclear forces to reach each other. In contrast to the nuclear forces, both the electromagnetic force and gravity have effectively infinite range and die off in strength as 1/r2.

So when we say that gravity is the weakest of the four forces it depends on where and how it is being compared.  We already use gravity in numerous ways via an intermediary such as water, and in the case of Bessler's wheel the intermediary is a system of weights.

If one of Bessler's four pound weights was dropped on your foot, you might not think gravity was a weak force.

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                                     my granddaughter's treatment for CRPS and FND
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JC

Bessler's Wheel - the Moral Issue.

Occasionally some people on the forum seek opinons about protecting their invention in the event that they succeed in designing and building a working Bessler's wheel.  Usually the focus of such research is on patenting their design.  As some of you may know, after some soul searching as well factual research as I decided against patenting the device.  This was not wholly a moral decision although that formed part of the consideration; no, I could see little of advantage and plenty of disadvantages in following that path.  I won't go into the arguments for and against  patenting again, it’s all here in old posts.

In fact if the main reason for patenting the device is the potential financial reward, I doubt if a patent would provide any significant difference in the amount of money obtainable, in either case, other than the immediacy of such reward.  Patenting is a relatively slow business whereas an announcement of success along with details of the design could generate immediate financial rewards.

Returning to the moral issue, some people have suggested that a patent could not be obtained if the  current inventor had obtained the design via the interpretation of a number of clues; this of course could apply to me, if I succeeded, but it does not seem very likely to me that such a conclusion would be valid.  But it wouldn’t matter if no patent was sought.

Also it has been suggested that a patent taken out on the design would be morally unacceptable because Bessler had the original design and should have profited from it himself, and because he was unable to apply for a patent in those early days, he forfeited what should have been his reward.  It will be over three hundred years too late for Bessler to receive his just recognition, but perhaps he suspected it might take this long before he won due acknowledgement for his ingenious invention.  Better late than never.

I am against patenting anyway because I think the planet earth needs free access to the design without any restrictions due to patenting laws, not that I think that they would stop anyone ignoring the patent restrictions making their own devices.

Despite the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change having set the world a clear target that we must reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to net zero by the middle of this century to have a reasonable chance of limiting global warming to 1.5C., nothing much has happened, hence the many demostrations in support of the IPCC's report.  The chief reason being that no one has come up with the answer to electricity generation by a clean, free energy source.....yet.

When I originally decided against applying for a patent if I was fortunate enough to reconstruct Bessler's wheel, I thought I would be content with a small amount of money.  But circumstances have changed so dramatically for me and my family in the last eighteen months. My granddaughte Amy Pohl's health requires a large sum of money just to keep her at the new facility in Sheffield.  Amy suddenly acquired two awful diseases; Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, which is the most painful affliction a person can get. 24/7 intense pain, super sensitivity to even a soft breeze.  But as well she has Functional Neurological Disorder which causes the loss of use in her legs and digestive system.

You can read about her at    www.helpamy.co.uk/


The unit she is in is a private facilty offering treatment which is not available anywhere else in the UK, and it costs £5000 a week.

Amy is an amazing person with tremendous strength of spirit and she will recover if she can complete the treatment and return to her job teaching young children.  If you wish to donate or share her plight please visit her pages above.
  

JC

Inside Bessler's Wheel?

What follows is pure speculation but hopefully of interest.

When I read about the speed of Bessler's first two wheels turning at more than 50 revolutions per minute, I thought that it should be possible to configure the mechanism so that it caused the wheel to turn at precisely 60 rpm, to measure the passing of one minute.

Since the 17th century, clocks have been regulated by the swinging of a pendulum to obtain accurate timing.  They were notoriously inaccurate at first, but since those early days improvements in the design of clocks has been made over the years to narrow the accuracy down to a fraction of a second per day.

Several witnesses to the demonstrations of Bessler’s wheel’s remarked on the great regularity of their rotation and I thought that this could be indicative of the presence of one or more pendulums.  Given this possibility perhaps we might estimate the approximate length of any such pendulums used within the one-way wheels at least.

The time that it takes a pendulum to swing is governed by just two factors: the mass of the Earth and the length of the pendulum from the fulcrum to the centre of gravity of the weight. Nothing else is of significant importance.  The earth’s mass is a constant so it’s just the length of the pendulum that governs its swing speed.

I’m not suggesting that there were pendulums inside the wheel, but I believe there were weighted levers.  In falling these might behave like a restricted  pendulum.  We know that modern clocks use shortened pendulums for greater accuracy as they swing faster but knowing that a one second pendulum is just under a meter long, or about 39 inches suggests that the levers inside Bessler 's wheel might have been longer to account for the speed of over 50 rpm, but less than 60 rpm.

One Leipzig Ell equalled 22.4 inches, so two Ells would give a length of 44.6 inches which might just give a speed of over 50rpm. The first wheel was six and a half feet in diameter which could perhaps accomodate pendulums of three foot, four inches.
 (First wheel size corrected, see http://www.besslerwheel.com/wwwboard/messages2/3603.html  and if you click on the link you will perhaps notice that I mispelled the so-called original German text for 'three' which should begin with the letter 'd' not 'b'!  I just added this in case someone notices the error and brings it up here.)

So if Bessler simply chose to use levers of two Ells length or 44 inches and then built the wheel around their action, we can understand something about the size of the first wheels and what potential speed and power each might be capable of achieving.  Contrary to intuition, shorter levers might generate faster rotation?  Heavier weights more power?

In addition to the weighted levers, Bessler casually gives us more information about what is inside his wheels. In AP,XXXIII part 2, page 340 in my edition, he comments about Wagner, "If I arrange to have just one cross-bar in the machine, it revolves very slowly, just as if it can hardly turn itself at all, but, on the contrary, when I arrange several bars, pulleys and weights, the machine can revolve much faster,." In my opinion the bars he refes to are weighted levers, and he includes pulleys which implies chains of cords or ropes to run around them.

 Please share the following link and donate if you wish to aid my granddaughter's treatment.

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JC

Considerations about Johann Bessler and His Wheel.

The basic requirements for building a successful gravity-enabled wheel can be quite simply described, although obviously not as easily achieved!

The scepticism that we face includes the well-established “fact” that according to the laws of physics we cannot design and build a perpetual motion machine. Well, this is true if you make it completely isolated from any form of energy; an isolated system.  This is not my definition, but it’s what we are taught and yet what kind of fool would even imagine that it might be possible?  No external energy source! But I have never believed in that, nor wanted to do so.  No, it has always been my belief that gravity holds the key; a force of nature which could enable a perpetual motion machine, or a gravity-enabled machine to run continuously.  Which of course means it can’t be a closed system.

Yes I know gravity is not a source of energy!  But to my mind it is!  Ok it’s not a energy source in the accepted sense, but it causes things to fall, and that means there is the potential to harness the energy of the fall.

You cannot get more energy out of a machine than you put into it, and when friction is added there is no spare energy to even complete a single rotation. I only want to use the same energy from the machine that I put into it, not more - but I also want it to do work as well as run itself....so I need to put  more energy into the machine just to complete at least one rotation. If several weights could be designed to fall resulting in one complete rotation, and then repeat the action, we wouldn't have a problem.

How to put extra energy into the machine so that there is enough for it to overbalance and complete a rotation? Find a way to enable gravity to start the rotation and also take more energy from gravity to continue the rotation, by designing a system that resets the weight after each fall, before it gets to the point where it needs to fall again. Continuous rotation will cause it to accelerate up to a certain speed.

But when it's stationary, is it in a state of permanent imbalance?   It depends; if the first bit of rotation requires a fall before it begins to rotate a little, then without the fall no rotation can take place.  But if the wheel had been stopped after the fall had ocurred then the wheel will turn a little.  In my opinion, the fall takes place at the same time that the preceeding weight resets.  So the effect is for the wheel to be permanently out of balance, which is why Bessler applied a brake to keep it stationary.

To add more energy than the wheel needs to complete one rotation, it is not sufficient to increase the number of mechanisms or over-balancing weights, because each one has to be reset in order to fall again at the right place.  There has to be a resetting mechanism.

One more thing here.  Bessler made certain claims that were fully backed up by demonstrations and eye witness's accounts, many of whom were out to prove him a liar.  So why, if we accept his claims and almost everything else, do some people maintain that the wheel could not have been permanently out of balance.  Some have suggested that the wheel was stopped in a certain position so that it would begin to spin as soon as the brake was released.  Bessler stated more than once that the wheel started to spin spontaneously as soon as the brake was released.  This fact was reiterated several times by witnesses. Why accept most of the evidence and reject some of the rest?  Why would Bessler lie about such a thing, so trivial when considered against a backdrop of everything else?

In a few weeks I will know if my wheel works or not, but I do know that I have deciphered  a large amount of clues which I hope will astound and amaze you!

JC

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Necessity is the Mother of Invention. -

Everyone's heard of the old proverb, 'necessity is the mother of invention', thought to have originated with Plato, and there are plenty of historical examples of its truth in action.

It describes the situation where a need arises for which there appears to be no immediate solution, in the end someone often invents something that solves the problem.  If you really need to find a way to do something you will find a way ..........eventually.  It might take more than 300 years to do it!

All the developments in the field of medicine, for instance, have been achieved through research necessitated by the needs of people seeking longer, healthier lives.

Man first discovered fire to light the darkness of the caves he inhabited and to keep warm. The wheel was invented to help move himself and his possessions from one place to another; boats to move on water; sails to speed up that movement and reduce the need for oars and oarsman. Windmills to grind corn and pump water for irrigation etc. 

The list of inventions designed to relieve a human need is vast but now there is a need for a clean  and cheap or even free kind of energy, to produce electricity. This is not a desire, it is a desperate need.  300 years of fossil fuel-derived energy has resulted in global warming. The icecaps are melting, sea levels are rising, low lying lands will be submerged.  The weather is becoming more variable and extreme.

We have been taught that gravity-enabled engines that can work continuously without the assistance of streams of water, or strong winds, or specially arranged weights, are impossible, but this should not necessarily blind us to anything which might appear to contradict this long held opinion  on the matter.  If there is good evidence that the current view might be erroneous, then the evidence is worth re-evaluating no matter how certain the over-riding consensus is, that the evidence is misleading.

Johann Bessler went out of his way to provide the best possible evidence that his machine was genuine without allowing anyone to see the inside and learn how it worked.  Apart from his ruling prince, Landgrave Karl of Hesser-Kassel, a man of unimpeachable reputation, no-one ever saw the internal workings of his wheel. Karl stated it was genuine and we have no reason to disbelieve him, nor any doubt that he fully understood the device.

No matter how convinced the sceptics are that his wheel was a fake,  not a single one has come up with a sensible explanaton which tells us how he faked it.  No-one can explain how he managed to fool so many people for so long, including some of the brightest scientists of the age.

Ever since I first encountered the legend of Bessler's wheel I have known intuitively that such a machine was possible.

Yet despite the utterly convincing evidence that Bessler did not lie, we continue on our way seeking answers to a question which has already been resolved - how to obtain cheap, clean electricity.

  Please share the following link and donate if you wish to aid my granddaughter's treatment.

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JC

I'm Aiming for 6th June 2019 to Publish Details of My Wheel.

I have published a commitment to complete what I believe to be Bessler’s wheel, comprising the same internal design as his, by the 6th June this year. I chose this date partly because I’m determined to finish it as soon as possible, and the 6th June is only a few weeks away -  and also because Bessler first exhibited his wheel on this date, in 1712.   I have said that I have detected and deciphered more and more of the design over a number of years, and I am convinced that I know the whole solution. I’m 74 years of age and think that I had better share what I know while I am still fit and able.  Not that I am suggesting that I am too old to continue if this doesn’t work - I’m just being cautious!

Being aware of countless failures in the past, I am prepared to accept the possibility of failure this time, but unlike every time before, I shall publish everything I know.  Now my promise may sound empty because no one knows whether my current knowledge is worth a hill of beans; well it is quite extensive and will surprise many people once they learn how much information I have uncovered, but the proof will have to wait until I’ve finished and tested my wheel.

Despite lacking much free time to work on my wheel, I’m certain I can complete this project on time and there is nothing so disciplining as the pressure of a finishing date, or publishing,date.

There is also nothing so demanding as the rise of the spectre of global warming.  Action groups such as Extinction Rebellion are using so-called nonviolent resistance to avert climate breakdown, halt biodiversity loss, and minimise the risk of human extinction and ecological collapse. I don't agree with their methods which harm people trying to get on with their lives, and I don't accept the argument that those people should be concerning themselves with the future rathere than living their lives. We get the message, please no more! The protest group were established in the United Kingdom in May last year with about one hundred academics signing a call to action in support in October 2018.  They want to rally support worldwide around a common sense of urgency to tackle climate breakdown.  One of their suggestions was that the British government should put in place requirements to reduce greenhouse gases to zero within the next five years! 

The ramifications of such a policy are so far beyond any possibility of attainment that I suspect it was a dramatic statement based on imaginary ideals but designed to goad politicians into action.  In my opinion the solution they all talk about is at hand - Bessler's wheel. 

A successful demonstration of the wheel and its potential to generate cheap, clean electricity would do more than all the political gesturing currently entertaining us (or irritating the hell out of us) around the world.

So 6th June 2019 is when I will publish all the information I have, whether the wheel works or doesn't.  If/when it works we shall tell the world we have a solution.

 Please share the following link and donate if you wish to aid my granddaughter's treatment.

www.helpamy.co.uk/

JC

Primum Mobile or Primum Movens - The Unmoved Mover.

I was reading, yet again, how the force of gravity cannot possibly be a source of energy.  It's not just the world at large who refuse to accept the argument that gravity can be tapped, there are many members of the Besslerwheel Forum who also subscribe to that view.  And yet they can only posit the possibility that there must have been some additional source of energy which Bessler discovered and which we must be able to use as well.

So perhaps we should look at the reason why gravity can be used as an enabler of continuous rotation        .

Almost 2500 years ago, Plato insisted that with inert matter in motion, because it is not the cause of its own motion; its motion requires a moving cause different from itself. This moving cause cannot itself be of such kind that it also requires to be moved from without.  To put it another way There must be an unmoved mover, or  'that which moves without being moved'. 

A prime mover (Latin: primum movens) is a concept advanced by Plato's best student, Aristotle, as a primary cause (or first uncaused cause) or "mover" of all the motion in the universe.  He wrote, 'as is implicit in the name, the "unmoved mover" moves other things, but is not itself moved by any prior action.

He wrote, 'if it is true that when A is in motion there must be some B that moves A, then if B is itself in motion there must be some C moving B, and so on. This series cannot go on forever, and so it must come to a halt in some X that is a cause of motion but does not move itself—an unmoved mover.  Oddly, Aristotle is venturing close to describing a perpetual motion, which he implies is impossible within the context of his argument.

Briefly, then, there has to be an initiator of motion, or ‘first cause of all the motion in the universe’.  "The unmoved mover”, moves other things but is not itself moved by any other prior action. We know of only one unmoving mover - gravity.

So primum movens or primum mobile referred to by Bessler and used in conjuction with his statement that the weights in his machine are the actual cause of his perpetual motion, must apply to the action of gravity upon his machine, and be the sole cause of its rotation.

Gravity is an unmoved mover.  The source or initiator of every other movement in the universe can be traced back to the effect of gravity.  It is not regarded as an energy source because it is a conservative force.  A conservative force is a force with the property that the work done in moving a particle between two points is independent of the path taken. The gravitational force is conservative because the work done by the gravitational force on an object depends only on its change in height.

Because gravity is indentified as a conservative force and because its work done in moving a particle between two points is independent of the path taken, it is understood to rule out gravity driven continuously turning wheels - such as Bessler's.  We know that Besser's wheel was not a closed system, therefore it had access to an external force. There is no other 'unmoved mover' force in the universe as far as we know, therefore the only force which fits the bill is gravity.

Notice how we repeatedly state that gravity does do work. If it does work it consumes energy, but that energy is limitless, so although it expends energy, it never runs out.  It is perpetual, so now we have a force which apparently consumes energy and does work and does not exhaust its energy supply.  If that does not decribe a force which can supply endless energy, I don't know what is.

If we could find other conservative forces which drive mechanical motors then we might understand why Bessler's wheel worked.  Wind pressure and water pressure are conservative forces which drive mechanical motors, but they move, due to various causes among them, gravity.

We know the point of interaction between gravity and the wheel; it is the weights.  They are doing the same job as air molecules do with windmills, and water molecules do with water wheels. or hydro-electric dams.  The weights do the job of interacting between gravity and the wheel, causing it to rotate continuously, if the configuraton is correct.

I will be posting my own thoughts on this as soon as my wheel has been finished and tested  - working or not. 

Please share the following link and donate if you wish to aid my granddaughter's treatment.

www.helpamy.co.uk/

JC

 

My Plans, Intentions and Hopes for 2019.

So often, I am asked a number of questions about my plans and intentions; when will my wheel be finished? What will I do if it works? What will I do if it doesn't work?  So here are my intentions and hopes.  Of course it's always wise to bear in mind the ancient proverb, 'Man proposes, but God disposes', so subject to that advice.....

I will finish the wheel within a few weeks. Sorry I can't be more specific about the time, but there is a lot going on in my life at present which takes away some of the time I could be spending on the wheel, but that is normal life and one of the reasons why Bessler said he succeeded where everyone else had failed; he had no family and no permanent job, so he could spend as much time as he needed working towards the solution to his wheel.  I anticipate that it could be finished before the end of this May, but you know how time slips away and it could be June before I finish and test it.

If it works, I will take a video of it working, and add explanations showing how it works and provide some of the clues I deciphered to prove that it is the same concept as Bessler's. I have some other ideas which are still under consideration, but there will be no patent application to protect the design.  I have received an offer to freely globalise the design from an influential person which I am considering,  and I shall post on one of my websites more details of the mechanism and more of the clues I discovered which lead me to believe that I have the solution. There will be links to the video and photos of its interior.  

If it doesn't work, and I have certainly experienced that more times than I care to recall, I shall post details of my design and the clues they derived from, in the hope that someone else can take it forward to get to the actual solution that I presumably will have missed.  I really can't delay that information any longer.

At the New Year I reaffirmed my certainty that this year would see Bessler's wheel working.  My reasons for sounding so sure, more this year than previously, was due to the fact that the many clues I had found were so cleverly constructed that, once I understood how they were designed to mislead and got the meaning, I did not have any doubts about their validity. I'm sure many people will think I'm deluding myself, and the wheel won't work, and though that may be true in part, I am confident that when the hidden information is deciphered there will be  a consensus that the clues are real but perhaps I have missed some important feature that is all the mechanisms needs to work as Bessler's did.  But I remain confident that this time the wheel will work.

There will probably be a slight gap betweeen the wheel test and any announcement, regardless of success or failure, as I will need time to assemble the appropriate text and drawings to publish.  Much of it has been already accomplished but there are a few things I need to finish before publication.  In the mean time I will try to post the occasional blog just to let you know I'm still here and working on the project.

You could if you wish donate to or share my granddaughter's crowdfunding site by visiting it at..........

www.helpamy.co.uk/

JC

Bessler’s Wheel and the Orffyreus Code.

As I wrote  previously, I’m temporarily recycling a previous post about the Legend of Bessler’s wheel,  because I need to concentrate on finishing my own attempted reconstruction of his machine.

As you can see from my previous post, there is a lot going on in my life but there is always the odd moment when I could work on the wheel.

At my age I find time seems to be accelerating and weeks shoot past and I seem to have accomplished very little.  I am determined to finish it now so I can prove to myself, at least, that I am right and that there are sufficient clues from Bessler to permit anyone to build his wheel. Success would mean that the design I’m working on would match his, which I know many people doubt is possible.  Obviously I will post the information here first, if it works - or even if it doesn’t.

Please feel free to comment if you wish and I will try to check back daily.

So here it is again, the Legend of Bessler's wheel.

On 6th June, 1712, in Germany, Johann Bessler (also known by his pseudonym, Orffyreus) announced that after many years of failure, he had succeeded in designing and building a perpetual motion machine.  For more than fourteen years he exhibited his machine and allowed people to thoroughly examine it.  Following advice from the famous scientist, Gottfried Leibniz, he devised a number of demonstrations and tests designed to prove the validity of his machine without giving away the secret of its design.

After more than thirty years he died in poverty.  He had asked for a huge sum of money for the secret, £20,000 which was an amount only affordable by kings and princes, and although many were interested, none were prepared to agree to the terms of the deal. Bessler required that he be given the money and the buyer take the machine without verifying that it worked.  Those who sought to purchase the wheel, for that was the form the machine took, insisted that they see the secret mechanism before they parted with the money. Bessler feared that once the design was known the buyers could simply walk away knowing how to build his machine and he would get nothing for his trouble.

This problem was anticipated by Bessler and he took extraordinary measures to ensure that his secret was safe, but he encoded all the information needed to reconstruct the machine in a small number of books that he published. It is well-known that he was prepared to die without selling the secret and that he believed that post humus acknowledgement was preferable to being robbed of his secret while he yet lived.

I became curious about the legend of Bessler’s Wheel, while still in my teens, and have spent most of my life researching the life of Johann Bessler (I’m now 74).  I obtained copies of all his books and had them translated into English and self-published them, in the hope that either myself or someone else might solve the secret and present it to the world in this time of pollution, global warming and increasingly limited energy resources.

It has recently become clear that Bessler had a huge knowledge of the history of codes and adopted several completely different ones to disguise information within his publications.  I have made considerable advances in deciphering one of his codes; the simplest one, and I am confident that I have the complete design.  Due to unfortunate family circumstances I am currently unable to complete the build I have undertaken but shall return to it as soon as possible and I sincerely believe that 2019 will see the reconstruction of Bessler’s wheel.

Johann Bessler published three books, and digital copies of these with English translations may be obtained from the links to the right of this blog.  In addition there is a copy of his unpublished document containing some 141 drawings - and my own account of Bessler’s life is also available from the links.  It is called "Perpetual Motion; An Ancient Mystery Solved?"  Bessler published three books; "Grundlicher Bericht", "Apologia Poetica" and "Das Triumphirende..."

I have also published Bessler's collection of 141 drawings and I have called it Maschinen Tractate, but it was originally found in the form of a number drawings of perpetual motion designs. Many of these have handwritten notes attached and I have published the best English translation of them that I was able to get. Bessler never published these drawings but clearly intended to do so at some point.

For some ideas about Bessler’s code why not visit one of my web sites at www.theorffyreuscode.com

One last thing.  Perpetual Motion machines have been utterly proscribed and Johann Bessler’s claims ridiculed - however, it seems that more than a handful of scientists have now come to the conclusion that it might theoretically be possible to design a mechanical system which is continuously out-of-balance and therefore will turn continuously using the repeated fall of weights for energy.  Gravity but not directly.  These open-minded people remain tight lipped for now, awaiting proof of their hypothesis.

JC