They say you should enjoy the journey, maybe more than the destination, but in my opinion the journey would look a lot more interesting from the destination! There are moments of utter exultation when you think you've cracked it, only to be followed by weeks of plodding trial and error. Trial and error can't be avoided sometimes, even when you have a firm design in mind, in fact when you think about it our entire research and experimentation is one long series of trials and errors!
I have received many offers of help over many years, to try to find the solution to Bessler’s wheel, and a recent comment gave me cause to reflect upon my constant refusal to accept such offers, no matter how well-intentioned. Why do I not wish to be “helped”?
I have received many offers of help over many years, to try to find the solution to Bessler’s wheel, and a recent comment gave me cause to reflect upon my constant refusal to accept such offers, no matter how well-intentioned. Why do I not wish to be “helped”?
A long time ago, before even the BW forum came into existence, a small group of us joined together to try to brainstorm a solution. We were situated in different countries so could only converse by email, but it was fun and exciting but ultimately we hit a wall. Too many different ideas and opinions clashing. We went our separate ways although some are still in touch.
“Help” is a misleading word, conjuring up images of success, but usually it comes with ramifications. Initially the offer is free, but no one in my opinion could accept such help without, for instance, acknowledging such help, if the “help” resulted in a successful design. Such acknowledgement is the thin end of a wedge leading to confusion over who did what and who deserves credit, and in the end there is potential for continual dispute. Best avoided.
On occasion I have received, uninvited, designs and plans for a PM device, fortunately the concepts are unworkable and can be easily dismissed, but what if they had been valid? I used the word “fortunately” deliberately because I would prefer to avoid any confusion in case of a resulting working device. My response to such offers has to be carefully written, in the words of the sign which used to hang behind the bar in English pubs, “don’t ask for credit, a refusal often offends”. I usually recommend that they try to build a rough model themselves or find someone who can do it for them.
But in the end, I work alone, preferring to build my devices, altering them as I see fit, and covering a lot of ground on the way and owing nothing to anyone. I suspect, although I don’t know it for certain, that most of us are the same. Some seek fame and fortune, some merely acknowledgement and I know of some who just would wish to publish their success anonymously, but most work alone, even if they often visit the BW forum or even my little world of this blog.
I only work on building wheels, although I have try to get to grips with simulations and animations, but I took no pleasure from such endeavors. To design a sim requires a finished design whereas building to a design allows minor or even major alterations which can become obvious in an instance during the build. In my own experience for instance, a mechanism might require a slight alteration in its angle of response which you can immediately understand once you see it in action and the required alteration can be made in a few minutes.
One thing I've noticed over the years, some people post pictures of their ongoing builds and I have to admit they are often beautiful creations, unlike my own which appear to be cobbled together out of old oft-used parts from a previous iteration; and that's precisely what they are. But why spend so much times and effort to build something of such artistry before you know if it will work? Of course if I should succeed in building a working Bessler wheel, I shall have to build a new one of greater attractiveness, and hide the prototype out of sight, or should I boldly display it in all its rough and ready informality?
The build continues, albeit at a snails pace!
My granddaughter Amy is in a rehab clinic trying to recover from a series of diseases which suddenly afflicted her about eighteen months ago.
They are CRPS, (chronic regional pain syndrome), FND (functional neurological disorder) and EDS. (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome) .
Please share the following link and/or donate if you wish to aid my granddaughter's treatment.
https://www.gofundme.com/help-our-amy-to-walk-again
My granddaughter Amy is in a rehab clinic trying to recover from a series of diseases which suddenly afflicted her about eighteen months ago.
They are CRPS, (chronic regional pain syndrome), FND (functional neurological disorder) and EDS. (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome) .
Please share the following link and/or donate if you wish to aid my granddaughter's treatment.
https://www.gofundme.com/help-our-amy-to-walk-again
JC
"The build continues, albeit at a snails pace!"
ReplyDeleteBessler suggested, however, that to find a working pm design, one cannot just occasionally dabble at it. Consider this quote of his:
> It is undeniably true that at times there have been clever people, with special talents, who have sought the Mobile. But, for the most part, they have been people in positions, professions or offices of various kinds; and people for whom such duties are a constant preoccupation have little time left over for leisure. Even if they did have the odd hour to spare, it wouldn't be enough for Mobile research. Indeed, before such a person could get far with his calculations, build some models, and even do scant justice to a single facet of the problem, very many years would have passed. Things would then get to the stage where there'd be some doubts followed by destruction! Probably there'd even come the dreaded statement that "No one on this earth will ever find the secret of the Mobile!" <
I’m not dabbling, anon, I have a fully worked out design, my rate of work is extremely limited due to pressing family needs.
DeleteJC
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ReplyDeleteStephen said:
Delete"Anonymous, if you were serious about making it all work; you would let people know who you are, share your knowledge, and commit to working together for the greater good."
How about doing a little sharing yourself instead of bashing others for not sharing. Walk the walk...
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ReplyDeleteI’m unimpressed by quotes from the bible Stephen, other than as historical or potential coding curiosities.
DeleteJC
Pneumonic? Do you mean mnemonic?
DeleteJC
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Delete"John, will you please stop trying to be the hero! I know you believe you have the design. Here’s the problem, you don’t understand the most important clue Bessler left in the papers you published."
ReplyDeleteAnd SG immediately soars toward the top of John's "butt kicker enemies list"!!! But MLS still holds the top position.
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DeleteAnonymous 29 July 2019 at 03:43
DeleteYes, but MLS seems to have now absented himself. Maybe he (K.B.?) just ran out of steam or, his creativity just hit-bottom?
>SG "Anonymous 29 July 2019 at 03:43" may have "stirred the pot", but it was you that filled it to the rim when you dared to suggest that JC is ignorant of Bessler's most important clue and only "believes" he has Bessler's design! Imo, that's like saying he cannot possibly have Bessler's design and is therefore only another delusional pm chaser. Maybe you've spent too much time at the top of that ladder ringing that bell? The air up there must be too thin for you!
Delete>James MLS and KB the same person? Interesting theory, but I doubt that's something KB would do. I think MLS was just a hoax character created as someone's idea of humor. However, I must confess I do miss MLS's merry little video gifs and their broken English background stories. His predictions also tended to be disturbingly accurate. Maybe he'll be back again in the future as the same or a different character to entertain us further.
I've tried to share my ideas; but they always end in ridicule. Fletcher told me, in uncertain terms; that, unless I have a working wheel, I was to keep my mouth shut! I hate that guy----------------and others like him.
ReplyDeleteSam Peppiatt
Anonymous 29 July 2019 at 03:56 (Sam Peppiatt)
DeleteHoly mackerel! No kidding?
And I thought that being described by The Sublime Prince of The BWF a (as paraphrased for maintenance of cleanliness, as opposed to his coarse and vile) 'too-wordy posterior orifice' was unpleasant!
Oh yeah!
Sam, the seeking-after any approbation from the controlling masters of The BWF is some risky business, alright.
There are many damaged or warped personality types that will withhold due praise for the pain/angst that they know it will cause, sort of feeding on it drip-drip-drip like sadistic ghouls, The Needler being one.
As you noted recently elsewhere, The BWF features an entertaining number of these malevolents, each and all to be avoided as if plagued. Their larger reputations (as distinct and apart from their local self-generated and meaningless Greenie ratings) are becoming known more-and-more to an onlooking, truly aghast world.
Theirs must be a truly horrible existence, and so especially in light of the fact that "the Nut" they so passionately pursue, just will NOT crack for them. (To say nothing even, of first finding it.)
Think of it! How terrible such an unrewarded pursuit must be, as chased over ever-accumulating decades. Why, to the weaker of secret seekers, it would just be crushing. Is it any wonder that they 'go off' and into the devil's hands?
No. Such deserve more our pity; not revilement or excoriation. (Hmm! I must partake my own advice more. I think I shall.)
In your just-expressed feelings you displayed real passion, Sam! That is good. It is a thing absolutely necessary to effective Bessler Wheel searching. (Also, some large dashes of humor to be added too.)
Uh-oh! There I go again with that "verbose" stuff. This "a-h" had best quit while still ahead.
Onward and upward, Sam.
James
Thanks James!! You have a gift------------------Sam
DeleteFollow up: ' Wish I could build a wheel as good as you can write! Sam
DeleteIf I produce a working bessler wheel before you and publish it, can I post a link to it here ? or will you delete it .
ReplyDeleteYes, of course, I would be delighted to provide not just a link but a unique posting for you or anyone else who succeeds in this venture.
DeleteJC
Another great subject you have broached here, John.
ReplyDeleteI can well-imagine how difficult a thing it must be to handle with requisite, diplomatic care, such offerings. Fortunately, I've never had to contend with any nor inquiries even, concerning this or that, etc.
Just think, John, how much of a blessed relief it will be to enjoy a final end to such worries/concerns.
It is a fact . . .
By no means will it ever be possible for any to deny you place-of-honor as the father of The Second Great Besslerian Advent, for without yourself and your tireless dedication, such would and could not ever have happened.
(Please, do forgive any verboseness?)
James
No apology necessary James, and I must admit it will indeed be a blessed relief to see an end to this interminable investigation provided it finishes in triumph!
Delete"By no means will it ever be possible for any to deny you place-of-honor as the father of The Second Great Besslerian Advent, for without yourself and your tireless dedication, such would and could not ever have happened."
Deletemuah, muah, MUAH! The kissing sounds emanating from James have finally reached a deafening crescendo as he rockets himself straight to the very top of John's "butt kisser friend list"! All of his past butt kicking sins have now been completely forgiven if not completely forgotten. Bravo, sir! Bravo!
John Collins: I agree, It's been a struggle--------Sam
DeleteI must say, Anonymous 29 July 2019 at 14:09, that in reading over your little addition I found myself LOL.
DeleteReally, it is not the case as you put it (I don't do that) but rather, one of absolute truth as I believe it to be. Yes, the paragraph is one rather grand (as opposed to, say, one bloviated or laced with verbose overage) for it is the truth!
Think . . . how could it be otherwise than I have here stated?
Consider - from since the time of John's boyhood or late-teens (as I understand it to have been) he has been immersed (as in captivated by it's dazzling lure) in the Bessler legend and puzzle. This entanglement by rapture comes to a tidy half-century of time, at least!
Thus far, for my own small part in it, it has been only for a mere fifteen years and at that, part-time only. A while sure but, obviously not nearly so long nor dedicated.
As for the "The Second Great Besslerian Advent" grandness I composed, I believe it perfectly descriptive of the actuality it will be, when finally upon us again. After-so, will our fellow Humanity pass the test or fail it once again, this by denying to it's successor progenitor his (or her) just reward?
(Let us understand well: never underestimate the possibilities for raw unbridled niggardliness, of the stamping, porcine-hoofed crowd! The old lamentable tendency is as potentially infinite now just as back then, as Bessler had found it.)
THIS is 'the' question that will have to be dealt-with these three hundreds of years+ since that first turning, as happened back in 1711 at county Reuss-Gera.
Even more-so than was the case with Landgrave Karl and his latter day great help, the then reigning Count Heinrich XVIII zu Reuss-Gera and his mother - the Dowager Regency Duchess of most blessed memory - must be thanked FIRST and FOREMOST, for without their noble help and goodwill, brother Bessler might not have progressed-on to the next step upon the road to Perpetual Motion fame. (Or, "infamy" to the ever-strutting, overly-pronouncing lab-coated coterie.)
Yes. Just as the "three hornets" richly deserve immortalizing in fiery-blackened lead, as repayment for their BWF-like torments of those earlier days, the two of Reuss-Gera should be remembered well in statuary, and upon graven medals in celebration. It is only right that it should be-so, so I say.
I suggest that any "kissing sounds" that you may be hearing are phenomena born solely of your overwrought and possibly too fecund imagination. (We can all have little bouts with this - nothing to be ashamed-of.)
Well, there you have it, cher anonyme. Hope it clarifies things some.
And, please, all do forgive any verboseness as here possibly found?
(That Fletcherian Indictment, just or no, weighs heavily still upon my conscious and soul. It is a charge not easily nor handily dealt-with to elimination.)
And to close with some added color for fun, Anon, I offer my own version of the famous Sicilian Golden Rule - "DO unto one's SELF, before others DO it unto you first."
Well James, your words are a comfort to an old man apparently guilty on occasion of mild confabulation but ever hopeful that this thing we seek will metamorphose into something real from an apparition in my mind. I am, as always, confident of the very success you have hinted at and even if I should fail, my work so far may soon be available to all, not perhaps such a weighty tome as dear old KB’s, but not something easily dismissed I dare suggest.
DeleteYou may think I am indulging in a certain amount of loggorhea, an accusation I once ascribed to KB himself, but it is mere over-loquacity with which I fill these empty pages.
JC
Oops! A mistake!
Delete". . . his mother - the Dowager Regency Duchess . . ." should have read 'Countess'! (I am ruined.)
"...even if I should fail, my work so far may soon be available to all..."
DeleteDidn't we all hear that same tune on the months leading up to the last June 6th disappointment day?
Mmmm, I think maybe not, Anonymous 30 July 2019 at 19:38. If John had used, say, 'shall' instead of "may," then I might agree (for whatever it might be worth!) but, he did not, so I cannot state that I perceive identicalness but rather, only similarity. I hate to seem contrarist of it's own sake but, fairness must be observed, would you not agree?
DeleteI'm reading my way through that giant book on Bessler and his wheels that came out last February and now I can even see the movie! That Behrendt guy who wrote the book recently uploaded a video to youtube which shows the arrangement of the inner workings of Bessler's wheels that is described by various clues he found hidden in the two DT portraits. His description of what is happening inside of the drum as it turns is very interesting. I never saw anything like this before. The video is here
ReplyDeletehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5nP7KY6_EAM
It is about a half minute long but you can follow his simple directions in the pinned comment below the video to make it loop over and over. Be careful because with the relaxing musical tones he added it can actually hypnotize you if you watch it too long!
I looped ken's video as suggested and it must have hypnotized me because I watched it for nearly half an hour! It's got all of the major clues in it. The eight descending side impacts per drum rotation. A system of cords for the "connectedness principle" that coordinate the swingings of the levers. Works on "preponderance". Has nothing that is "stationary on the axle". Weights that are "alternatively gravitating to the center and climbing back up again". And, as those unusually shaped levers pass the drum's 9 o'clock position, their end mounted weights "which rest below" suddenly rise up "in a flash". I don't see any reason why this couldn't be the secret of Bessler's wheels. No wonder he devoted a whole book to it!
DeleteBe not fooled, Anonymous 9 July 2019 at 10:01
DeleteIf it ain't simple, it ain't Besslers!
I caught a glimpse of that rigged thing on that page, and all it will do is eat-up your desired perpetual motion by friction.
Ultimately and most simplistically, it ALL boils down to "a movement." No more, no less. The great difficulty is getting to that place where such can even be known, and then, the how of effecting it.
Fortunately were are not involved with rocket science here, just exquisitely hidden simplicity hidden deep within Mother Nature's array of mechanica.
From among us which might be best suited to finding it? Is time to tell of this, hopefully sooner than later? (I'll not say for "that would be telling!")
Be seeing you.
Did any of you even consider the possibility that while you were being "hypnotized" by Ken's nice little wheel video, it could have been feeding an embedded subliminal audio message directly into your subconscious mind of which you were not consciously aware? That message could be intended to give you a hard to resist urge to buy his book! Anyone viewing this video might want to mute the sound just to be safe from such a marketing tactic if it's being used.
DeleteSo interesting, thank you !
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThe Amazon listing for the book gives the length as 804 pages. It's a massive 2.7 pound volume and if it actually does provide the secret of Bessler's wheels, it will probably become a sort of "Bible" to the mechanical pm chasers out there!
DeleteAs is believed by many, 'size counts' and 'the bigger, the better' but, is it everything that is required for satisfaction?
DeleteFirst, before purchasing, I'd advise your own unknown posting self to ASK THE AUTHOR about what so-entrances you, for that personage to state positively that it will perpetuate as to motion.
As likely lacking such an assurance, then why waste good money?
Have you yet obtained ALL of John Collins' publications? If not, why not?
Let's be careful with our precious monies, and not potentially waste any on possible snake-oil salesmen simply trolling by paper poundage for a buck.
"DO unto one's SELF before others DO it unto you FIRST" - modified Sicilian Golden Rule.
tooooooo many
ReplyDeleteYes and one of the reasons I asked Ken to stop posting comments here was because they were too long and wordy. I haven’t read his book but I suspect it could have been done in 300 pages rather than 800.
DeleteJC
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DeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
DeleteI've seen dozens of designs for overbalanced wheels over the years, but none resembles the one in that video Behrendt uploaded to youtube. It is unique, imo. Although it is structurally simple, understanding how it works requires some study. When the drum begins each 45 degrees of rotation, five of the eight weight carrying levers are precisely counter balanced against each other. They are the levers at the drum's 7:30, 10:30, 12:00, 1:30, and 3:00 positions. As cw drum rotation continues, however, two of the levers, the ones leaving the drum's 7:30 and 3:00 positions, are removed from that group of five as their connecting cords become loose. But, they are then immediately replaced by the two levers leaving the drum's 6:00 and 9:00 positions whose connecting cords become tight. As a result of this there are always five levers counter balanced against each other inside of the drum. This double lever replacement action is repeated eight times for every drum rotation and it is how the drum's eight levers manage to constantly keep their center of gravity out of balance.
ReplyDeleteThat center of gravity is located only slightly off onto the descending side of the axle so the torque it produces will be low. However, if all metal to metal contacting surfaces are well lubricated, I don't think friction would keep this wheel from running. Remember that the wheel in the video is only a 3 foot diameter prototype wheel that according to Bessler could barely keep itself in motion. I haven't bought a new book in years, but in this case I'm making an exception. In another of his youtube videos Behrendt says his book also provides the details of a trick mechanism that Bessler used to make his larger wheels two directional. I definitely want to see how that was done!
I agree that the size of his volume is intimidating. But, maybe that was the minimum he needed to treat Bessler's inventions with the depth he wanted to. I think it's important to read it slowly and not try to finish it all up in a few days. I suspect he's really more concerned with finally solving the puzzle of Bessler's wheels than getting rich selling books. However, if his book does provide "the" solution everyone has been pursuing, then it will be worth many times its price! It will also give a much needed boost to Bessler research and help bring the Bessler story to many who have never before heard of the man or his inventions.
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DeleteIn the pinned comment below his wheel video, Behrendt says that the red stop cords make sure that the weight carrying arm of each lever is exactly 62.5 degrees below the horizontal as the lever's pivot pin passes the drum's 9:00 position. I wondered why Bessler would have used that particular angle and then realized that the digits in it add up to 13 which is an important number in the Bible and numerology. It's actually a lucky number contrary to popular belief and Bessler was a student of the Bible and numerology. I read the above anon's excellent description of how the wheel works and it mentions that 5 of the drum's 8 levers were balanced against each other at all times. If you divide those two numbers you get 5/8 = 0.625 which contains the same string of digits that add up to 13! Random chance? There's only a 1 in a 1,000 probability of it being due to random chance. That means that there's a 999 out of 1,000 probability it was not due to chance but rather intentional! I think Bessler picked that particular angle in order to give future people trying to duplicate his wheels a hint as to how they worked. In other words by having 5 out of the 8 levers being balanced against each other as shown in the video! I have a very good feeling about this design finally being "the" one Bessler used.
DeleteI should have also mentioned above that if you simply add 5 and 8 you also get 13 directly! Now I'm wondering in how many other ways this mystical good luck number comes out of the dimensions Bessler used in his wheels!
DeleteI agree that this design is unique and, based on what I've seen in MT, it looks like something Bessler would have come up with.
DeleteI'm turned off by the large number of cords the wheel uses. However, Behrendt says that they are actually placed into five separate planes across the widths of the levers so that no two cords can make contact with each other. From reading the descriptions he gives, there would be a total of forty cords in this prototype wheel (his sim doesn't show the sixteen spring cords from the eight levers to the free ends of their pairs of springs) with each lever having five cords coming out of it to a leading connection point on either another lever, the free end of a spring, or the drum itself. It would be nice if these cords could be eliminated or just greatly reduced in number. But, maybe that's not possible without losing that connectedness principle needed to synchronize the swingings of the eight levers so their CoG always remains on the descending side of the axle.
The biggest problem I see with the cords is for that long lifter cord that connects the two levers at the drum's 7:30 and 4:30 positions. That cord travels right over the top arm of the lever at the 6:00 position and must not be allowed to touch it so as to prevent the cord from wearing away and breaking. There are pairs of little spots on the drum of the model that the long lifter cords pass between that look like they are intended to prevent that. Maybe the spots represent pins or posts in the drum placed on its wooden radial frame pieces for that purpose?
Daniel H.
@Daniel H.
DeleteThe quantity of cords is troublesome, but in MT 11 Bessler shows a wheel with 36 cords and that high quantity doesn't seem to bother him at all. He even hints in the note to the drawing that the design has features that will be part of what he will reveal at the end of the book. Unfortunately, those end drawings were removed and destroyed by him as a security measure following the false accusations of his maid and his subsequent arrest because of them.
Using a quantity of 40 cords in his wheels would have appealed to Bessler because this number is also Biblically and numerologically significant. The Bible contains various references to "...forty days and forty nights..." to indicate a period of time required by God for some purpose or trial. One can also write 40 = 5 x 8 and, again, we have the 5 and 8 showing up which sum to 13! Chance? I don't think so. Thus, Bessler even has his mystical lucky number 13 hidden in the number of cords his wheels used! Maybe that was done to bring him luck in selling the invention? Assure it would work? Some sort of tribute to God for giving him a design that worked? We may never know for sure.
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DeleteWhen it is BW, it is all about the destination my friend.
ReplyDeleteAgreed, it will be a more interesting journey viewed from the destination.
DeleteJC
KB's wheel involves simple weight shifting, albeit via cords. There is no unexplained or extra forces created, such as CF. This design was a waste of his time. Enjoy wasting your time.
ReplyDeleteFWEIW;
ReplyDeletelooks to me like, for a very short time, there are 5 weight's below the center line, and 3 above. This always leads to bottom heaviness. I'm afraid it would never work, even if you could build it.
Sam Peppiatt
This design is "bottom heavy", but that doesn't mean it won't run. The sim's black and white CoG marker wobbles about a little, but it always stays on one side of the axle which is the descending side. That shows the wheel has a constant CW torque acting on it despite its bottom heaviness.
DeleteIf you say so-----------------Sam Peppiatt
DeleteI'm impressed by how rapidly the weight arm rises on a lever traveling from the drum's 9:00 to 10:30 positions. Behrendt's description below his video says that arm sweeps through an angle of about 21.5 degrees which is a lot compared to the swings of the other levers leading it. The note to MT13 says that cordless wheel "...would be very good for running if not so much friction were present or someone was available up by D (at the drum's 12:00 position) to always lift up the weight with lightning speed." Assuming what Behrendt has found is actually Bessler's working design, then it looks like Bessler finally figured out a way to get the weights to automatically raise themselves up "with lightning speed" as they approached the top of the drum. Apparently, this is important for building a working overbalanced pm wheel.
DeleteDaniel H.
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Delete@Daniel H.
DeleteThere's that lucky mystical number again! It's the only wheel in MT that Bessler describes as "very good for running" and he makes it the 13th illustration in his book! He obviously favored that number which had special meaning to him. Now look at the letters in the illustration. They are A, B, C, and D, but the C is repeated twice so we can write A, B, C, C, and D. Now replace the letters with the number of their order in the alphabet and you get 1, 2, 3, 3, and 4. Add them all up and you get 1 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 4 = 13! Coincidence? I certainly don't think so! It was a way for Bessler to tell the astute reader of MT that what was happening in his final working wheel design that was to be shown at the end of the book was similar to what would happen in MT 13 if it actually worked which would be a very rapid rise of the weight carrying arm of a lever as it approached the drum's 12:00 position. As you well noted that action is exactly what is shown in Behrendt's youtube wheel video!
@Anonymous 31 July 2019 at 20:18
DeleteI agree that all of those number 13's coming out of Bessler's wheels can't just be a coincidence. They had to be put there on purpose. Right now I'm about 80% convinced that Behrendt has actually found the secret of Bessler's pm wheels, but I want to see some more sims done by others that verify it. If the majority of those are successful, that will get me to maybe 95% convinced. Several unhoaxed physical builds will finally take me the rest of the way to 100%. I guess it's just a matter of time before all that happens. Meanwhile, I ordered the soft cover version of his book from Amazon. His downloads there must be selling well because I noticed that their price recently jumped from $9.99 to $11.33 per download. I don't think they suddenly change prices like that unless there's a lot of demand for an item. I do wish him well with his book and am looking forward to reading it. It's nice to see a book come along that focuses exclusively on Bessler and his wheels. In most books on the history of pm, he's only mentioned briefly and usually not in a complimentary way.
Daniel H.
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ReplyDelete